Free radicals have also been implicated in certain cell signalling processes. however is it also the main cause of ageing. Free radicals are so reactive that sometimes it take parts in unnessary unwanted reactions that could cause cell damage. Free radicals sometimes react wit DNA which can result in undesirable mutation which can eventually cause many forms of cancer.Some of the symptoms of aging such as atherosclerosis are also attributed to free-radical induced oxidation of many of the chemicals making up the body. In addition free radicals contribute to alcohol-induced liver damage, perhaps more than alcohol itself. Radicals in cigarette smoke have been implicated in inactivation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the lung. This process promotes the development of emphysema. However free radicals are still necessary for body functioning hence our body still have certain ways to minimise free radicals inducing damage such as the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase.In addition antioxidants also play extremely important roles in neutralising the effects of free radicals.vitamin c , a and e are some good antioxidants hence i strongly recommoend that people should eat more fruits.
Mitochondria convert energy for the cell into a usable form, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). however, sometimes, the oxygen is reduced to give the superoxide radical. Superoxide needs an additional electron to make it more stable, so it steals an electron from the nearest source, such as: mitochondrial DNA, the mitochondrial membrane (called lipid peroxidation), or from protein, or from reductants such as Vitamins C or E, or, from non enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione or thioredoxin. If too much damage is caused to the mitochondrion, it experiences cell death.
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